Lecture 1: Introduction to OS and Computer Structure

1. Operating System (OS) Definition and Goals

• Definition: A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.
• Goals:
  • Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.
  • Make the computer system convenient to use.
  • Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner (Resource Utilization).

2. Computer System Structure

The system consists of four main components:

1. Hardware: Provides the basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices).
2. Operating System: Controls and coordinates the use of hardware among various applications and users.
3. Application Programs: Defines how system resources are used to solve user computing problems.
4. Users: People, machines, or other computers interacting with the system.

3. Roles of the Operating System

• Resource Allocator: Manages all resources (CPU time, memory, I/O devices) and decides how to allocate them efficiently and fairly.
• Control Program: Controls the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer.

4. OS Priorities (Based on System Type)

• Shared Systems (e.g., Servers): Focus on efficient resource allocation and fairness among multiple users.
• Dedicated Systems (e.g., Desktop): Focus on user convenience and performance for the individual user.
• Embedded Systems (No User Interface): Focus on reliability and resource efficiency.

Audio Summary