📜 Lecture 3: Operators (Increment, Logical, Priority)

This lecture details operator precedence, increment/decrement operators, and logical operators for comparisons.

Key Concepts

• Increment/Decrement Operators:
  • Postfix (e.g., Z++ or Z--): "Use-then-change". The variable's original value is used in the expression, and then it is incremented/decremented by 1.
  • Prefix (e.g., ++Z or --Z): "Change-then-use". The variable is incremented/decremented by 1 first, and then its new value is used in the expression.
  • Example (Postfix): int Z=5; X = Z++; -> X becomes 5, then Z becomes 6.
  • Example (Prefix): int Z=5; X = ++Z; -> Z becomes 6, then X becomes 6.
• Arithmetic Priorities: The order in which C++ performs operations.
  1. () (Brackets)
  2. ++, -- (Increment/Decrement)
  3. *, /, % (Multiplication, Division, Modulus)
  4. +, - (Addition, Subtraction)
  5. = (Equality/Assignment)
• Logical (Comparison) Operators: Used to compare values, resulting in true (1) or false (0).
  • > (Greater than), < (Less than), >= (Greater or equal), <= (Less or equal), == (Equal to), != (Not equal).
• Logical (Boolean) Operators: Used to combine multiple conditions.
  • && (AND): Returns true (1) only if all conditions are true.
    • (10 > 6 && 10 > 7) is true (1).
    • (10 > 6 && 10 > 11) is false (0).
  • || (OR): Returns true (1) if at least one condition is true.
    • (10 > 6 || 10 > 11) is true (1).
  • ! (NOT): Reverses the result.